Appendix

A. Racing Terms Mean
B. Racing
C. Major Tracks
D. Rules on Weights
E. Pari-Mutuel Betting

Appendix A

What Racing Terms Mean

ACROSS THE BOARD A bet that includes win, place and show.

ADDED MONEY Some races, such as the Kentucky Derby, are listed as for a definite purse "added." The Derby, for example, is $100,000.00 "added." That means the track puts up $100,000.00 in addition to the money paid by owners who nominated horses for the Derby. From time to time, additional fees are required to keep the horses eligible. Then to have a horse start in the Derby, an owner must pay a $1,000.00 fee.

ALLOWANCE A race in which the track handicapper sets the weights according to the number of races the horse has won and in which a horse that has not won many races gets an additional "allowance," or a certain number of pounds off.

ALSO RAN TO the fan, any horse that doesn't win, place or show is counted as an "Also Ran."

APPRENTICE A jockey who has either not won 100 races or who has not yet been riding one full year from the day he had his first mount. He is allowed a five pound bonus until he wins 100 races or has been riding for a year, whichever comes sooner. If the track handicapper assigns a horse 110 pounds and the owner puts up an apprentice who has not won 100 races, the horse will actually carry only 105 pounds.

AT THE POST When the horses reach the starting gate they are said to be at the post.

BARRIERS The starting post. All standard tracks now use a starting gate equipped with individual stalls.

BAT Whip carried by a jockey.

BLEEDER Nervousness of horses frequently causes bleeding from nostrils or mouth. Many fans shy away from horses listed as having "bled."

BLINKERS Bad-acting, or extremely sensitive horses, are equipped with hoods that permit them to see only straight ahead.

BOARD The totalisator which records the odds and the total amount bet on each horse and on all win, place and show wagers. (See Tote.)

BOAT RACE A race in which other jockeys permit a certain horse to win.

BREAKAGE Tracks pay off on the nickel or dime, according to the law of the state in which the track is operating. Actual figures, however, never come out that evenly. The bettor might be entitled to $6.98 on his $2 bet but he gets only $6.90 if the track "breaks" on a dime, or $6.95 if the track "breaks" on a nickel. The state and the track divide up the "odd pennies" and these add up to several millions of dollars each year.

BUG The weight allowance made for an apprentice jockey.

CLAIMING RACE A race in which horses are entered with a price tag put on them by the owner. Any other owner can "claim" or buy the horse by depositing a check in the racing secretary's office before the race. Claiming races were originated as a method of classifying the cheaper grades of horses. If an owner believes his horse is worth $2,500.00 he would not enter him in a race in which the top claiming price allowed was $1,500.00 because someone might claim him. That helps to keep horses in their proper company.

COLT A male horse less than five years old.

CONDITION BOOK At the beginning of each meet, the racing secretary lists all races that are to be run and the conditions. An owner then scans the book to see in which races he should enter his horses.

DECLARED Owners have usually until 8 A.M. of the day of the race to withdraw their horses or they can be withdrawn later with permission of the stewards. Officials call a withdrawn horse "declared," but the fan calls it "scratched."

ENTRY TWO or more horses entered in the same race by the same owner or trainer. For betting purposes they are regarded as one horse and a bettor collects no matter which wins.

FAVORITE The horse with the lowest closing odds.

FIELD Only twelve numbers can be handled on a tote. When more horses are entered, the ones farthest from the rail are grouped together in the betting as the "field" in order that not more than twelve tickets are required. If any one of the field horses wins, a player who bets the field collects.

FILLY A female horse less than five years old. GELDING A castrated horse. Some male horses are de-sexed in the hope it will cure their "wildness" or viciousness.

HANDICAP A race in which the weights are assigned by the track handicapper according to a definite scale. Weights are announced in advance and if a horse wins in the meantime he is given additional weight in the handicap race. Next to stake races, handicap races are the best.

HAND RIDE A jockey who uses no whip gives the horse a "hand ride." Some of the best horses sulk when whipped.

HORSE A male horse five years old, or older.

IN THE MONEY A horse that runs first, second or third is said to have run in the money. To encourage keen competition, the owner of the horse running fourth also shares in the purse. But no bets are made except on first, second and third.

LEFT AT THE POST A horse that does not get away from the starting gate for reasons other than of his own choosing. The jockey may be caught flat-footed, the starting gate may fail to open, the horse may have reared just as the gate opened, etc. If the horse sulks and refuses to start it is listed as "refused'* rather than "left at the post."

LENGTH About eight feet, or the length of the average horse. Wins or losses are figured on the basis of lengths ahead or lengths behind.

MAIDEN A horse that has never won a race.

MARE A female horse five years old or older.

MORNING GLORY A horse that shows sensational form in workouts in the morning but which performs in dull fashion in actual races.

MUDDER A horse that runs a better race if the track is muddy. Mud running is a horse "family" trait although aged horses as a rule like mud because it is easy on their feet.

OBJECTIVE When a jockey protests that another jockey has committed an infraction of racing rules such as crowding him, bumping him, etc. he lodges his complaint with the stewards as soon as he dismounts. The odds board which registers the odds and finishes of the horses then shows a red sign "Objection." The stewards, if they agree with the protesting jockey, may disqualify any of the first three horses and either move them back one position, or in many states they are compelled to place them last.

ODDS-ON A horse whose odds are less than even money. Such odds are usually reckoned in fifths or tenths. A horse whose odds are 3 to 5 will pay a $3.20 mutuel if he wins.

OVER HIS HEAD A horse that is entered among much better horses.

OUTRIDER The man in the bright red coat or other brilliant attire mounted on a non-racing horse who escorts the horses to the post. He also helps chase any runaways.

OVERLAND ROUTE When a horse runs wide (that is, far from the inner rail), either to pass horses or because the jockey could not hold him in, he is said to be taking the overland route.

PARI-MUTUEL The system of betting at all American tracks. Odds are determined upon the basis of the amount wagered on each horse. The track and the state each receive a percentage of the total win, place and show pools, and the remainder is divided among the holders of the win, place or show tickets.

PAST PERFORMANCES The record of what a horse has done in his past races. Racing papers print the record in full for at least ten of the horsed past races.

PLACE A horse that finishes second in a race.

POOL The amount of money bet to win, place and show. Each must be kept separately.

RED BOARD When the jockeys have been weighed out, the patrol judges have reported seeing no violations of rules, and no jockeys have complained, a red sign "Official" is flashed on the tote board. It means the race results stand as posted.

RIDE THE RAIL All racing is done on the inside of the track. The object is to get as close to the inside rail as possible so other horses must go around if they want to pass. A jockey who succeeds in keeping that position nearest the rail is said to be riding the rail.

RINGER A good horse that is substituted for a poorer one to effect a gambling coup. Bettors, seeing the miserable record of the poor horse, ignore him. But since a better horse has been substituted, the horse wins under the name of the poorer horse and pays a large mutuel. Tracks are vigilant and ringer cases are rare.

SCRATCH SHEET A small four-paged publication that gives the entries for the day, their probable odds, and a list of horses that have been scratched or withdrawn from the races that day. Since these little publications do not carry past performances and other data, their biggest appeal is in the selections of their handicapper.

SHOW A horse that finishes third.

SILKS The costume of a jockey. The owner provides the blouse and cap in his own racing colors. The jockey furnishes all his other equipment.

STAKE The highest type of races such as the Kentucky Derby, Preakness, etc. In these, the track puts up a definite purse and each owner must pay a definite fee for entering his horse.

STEEPLECHASE A race in which the horses are required to jump over hurdles. Many fans call them jumping races.

STEWARDS The supreme authority at a race meeting. There are usually three stewards and their word is law.

STIFF A horse that doesn't show a good racing effort.

STRETCH The straight-away part of the track from the finish line back to the last turn. Here's where the real racing usually takes place as the horses make their final efforts.

TAKING THE NUMBERS DOWN If a horse or his rider commits a breach of racing rules, his winning number is removed from the tote board and the new winner's number posted. The track formally "disqualifies" the horse, but the fan just says: "They're taking the numbers down."

TOTE Short for totalisator, the intricate machine that sells the pari-mutuel tickets at a track, records the amount bet on each horse, and calculates the odds.

TWO-YEAR-OLDS Race fans call two-year-old horses "babies." Horses cannot race until they are two.

WIN A horse that finishes first. Players usually call it on the nose.

WIRE A figure of speech for the finish line, but there actually is an overhead wire by which photographs are lined up.

Appendix B

Racing And Pari-Mutuel Betting In These States

Arizona                                                Michigan
Arkansas                                              Nebraska
California                                              New Hampshire
Colorado                                              New Jersey
Delaware                                              New Mexico
Florida                                                 New York
Illinois                                                   Ohio
Kentucky                                             Oregon
Louisiana                                              Rhode Island
Maine                                                   South Dakota
Maryland                                              Washington
Massachusetts                                      West Virginia

Appendix C

Major Tracks And Approximate Meeting Dates

Track                              Abbreviations                  Approximate Dates
And                                 Used in Racing                (Vary slightly each
Location                          Papers                             year)

Aqueduct                        Aqu                                 Late March to Late May;
Long Island, N.Y.            Late August to                 Late October to
                                       Late September;              Late November
Arlington Park                 AP                                  Late June to August
Arlington hits.III.
Atlantic City                    Atl                                   Early August to Early
Hamilton, NJ.                  October
Belmont Park                  Bel                                  June; Late September to
                                       Long Island, N.Y.            Late October
Bowie Race Course         Bow                                Mid-February to April
                                                                              Bowie, Maryland
Churchill Downs              CD                                  Late April to Mid-
                                                                              to Mid-November
Louisville, Ky.                 May;                              Late October
Delaware Park                Del                                  Late May to August
                                                                              Stanton, Del.
Garden State Park           GS                                  May; Early October
                                       Camden, NJ.                   to Mid-November
Gulf stream Park              GP                                  Early March to Late
Hallandale, Fla.                April
                                       (near Miami)
Hawthorne                      Haw                                Early September to
Cicero, Illinois                                                        Mid-October
Hialeah Park                    Hia                                  Mid-January to
Hialeah, Fla.                                                           March
(near Miami)
Keeneland                       Kee                                 April; October
Lexington, Ky.
Laurel Race Course         Lrl                                   April; Mid-October
Laurel, Maryland                                                    to Mid-November
Monmouth Park              Mth                                 Mid-June to Early
Oceanport, NJ.                                                      August
Narragansett Park           Nar                                 Early October
Pawtucket, R.I.                                                      to Mid-December
Pimlico                            Pirn                                 May; Mid-November
Baltimore, Md.                                                       to Mid-December
Rockingham Park            RKna                              July and August
Salem, N.H.
(near Lawrence, Mass.)
Saratoga                          Sar                                  August
Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Suffolk Downs                 Suf                                  Mid-April to July
Boston, Mass.
Tropical Park                  Tr P                                Early January; Late
Coral Gables, Fla.           November
                                       through December
Washington Park             Was                                Early August to
Thornton, III.                   Early September
(near Chicago)

Ma/or California Tracks
Bay Meadows                 BM                                 Early March to
San Mateo, Calif.            Mid-May;                       August
Del Mar                          DMr                                Late July to
Del Mar, Calif.                                                       Early September
Golden Gate Fields          GG                                  November to Mid-
Albany, Calif.                                                         December
Hollywood                      Hoi                                  Mid-May to Late
Inglewood, Calif. July
(near Hollywood)
Santa Anita Park             SA                                  January to Mid-March;
Arcadia, Calif.                                                        Late December
(near Los Angeles)

Appendix D

Rules On Weights

From the Official "Rules of Racing" adopted by The Jockey Club

(a) The following weights are carried when the weights are not stated in the conditions of the race:

(b) In races of intermediate lengths, the weights for the shorter distance are carried.

(c) In races exclusively for three-year-olds or four-year-olds, the weight is 126 lbs., and in races exclusively for two-year-olds, it is 122 lbs.

(d) In all races except handicaps and races where the conditions expressly state to the contrary, the scale of weights is less, by the following: for fillies two years old, 3 lbs.; for mares three years old and upward, 5 lbs. before September 1, and 3 lbs. thereafter.

(e) Welter weights are 28 lbs. added to the weight for age.

(f) In all overnight races except handicaps, not more than six pounds may be deducted from the scale of weights for age, except for allowances, but in no case shall the total allowances of any type reduce the lowest weight below 101 lbs., except that this minimum weight need not apply to two-year-olds or three-year-olds when racing with older horses.

(g) In all handicaps which close more than 72 hours prior to the race, except claiming handicaps, the top weight shall not be less than 126 lbs.

(h) In all overnight handicaps and in all claiming handicaps, the top weight shall not be less than 122 lbs.

Appendix E

Explanation Of Pari-Mutuel Betting

Pari-mutuel betting is the absolutely fair method by which the choices of the public automatically set the odds and determine the pay-offs.

Under this system a person places a bet by purchasing at the race track tickets representing the horse of the buyer's selection. Tickets are available at $2, $5, $10, $25, $50 and $100. A machine registers each ticket as it is sold. These machines show the number of tickets sold on each horse and the total sold on all the horses. One may buy as many tickets on as many horses as he wishes. He may also back a horse to finish second or third ("place" or "show").

A percentage of the whole sum bet by the public— usually set by the laws of each state—is deducted for the track (racing association) and the state after the race is decided. The remainder is at once divided properly and paid to the holders of winning tickets.

horse                                        $2 tickets
Snap-On                                  740
Click-Clack                              72
Pudding                                    360
Oy Vay                                    421
Clambake                                 55
Brisk Mel                                 125
Whisper                                   190
Black Ace                                680
MaryM                                    291
Shlepper                                   72
Total                                        3,006

Here is a simple example of how this works on the payoff to winning backers (straight ticket holders) in a ten-horse race.

Oy Vay, let's suppose, finished first. Here is the method the machines follow in determining the value of winning tickets on Oy Vay.

Total number of straight tickets sold                                          3,006
Convert to dollars (multiply by two)                                          X 2
                                                                                                $6,012
$6,012 X -10 Deduct 10 per cent take-out
$601.20              for state and track                                          —601.20

Net for Division                                                                        $5,410.80

Divide $5,410.80 by the number of tickets sold on Oy Vay (421).

421) 5,410.80(12.85
 421

 1200
 842

 3588
 3368

 2200
 2105

 95

Each $2 bet on Oy Vay returns the buyer $12.85. This is the amount used with the term "pays a mutuel of----" and includes the $2 paid for the ticket. Therefore, the net profit is $10.85.